Dhayi dzeSulfide imhando yedhayi dzine sarufa dzine dhayi dzakaoma kunzwisisa.Inowanzo gadzirwa kubva kune mamwe anonhuhwirira amines, aminophenols uye mamwe organic komisheni inopisa nesarufa kana sodium polysulfide, kureva, vulcanized.
Dhayi dzeSulfide hadzina kunyungudika mumvura, uye kana dzichidhayiwa dzinoda kunyungudutswa mu sodium sulfide kana alkaline inishuwarenzi poda mhinduro kuti dzideredze kuita leaches, dzozoiswa oxidized kuratidza ruvara mushure mekutora fiber.
Mhedziso yedhayi dzesarufa
Madhayi ane vulcanized akagadzirwa kekutanga selulosi faibha kudhayiwa kubva 1873, uye maitiro ayo ekugadzira ari nyore, anowanzo gadzirwa nemaamine anonhuhwirira kana phenolic makomisheni akasanganiswa nesarufa kana sodium polysulfide uye inopisa.Mutengo wakaderera, uri nyore kushandisa, hapana kudzora kenza, nekukasira kwekugeza nekumhanya kwezuva, dhayi yakakurumbira.Zvisinei, nokuti ikirasi yemvura-isina kunyungudika dhayi, pakudhayi, inoderedzwa kuita soluble lemony sodium munyu mualkali sulfide solution, mushure mekudhaya faibha yevanhu, mushure mekuita oxidation kuti ive insoluble state yakagadziriswa pafiber, saka nzira yekudhaya ndiyo. yakaoma, uye pasi pemamiriro akasimba ealkaline haigone kushandiswa kune makushe, silika uye mamwe mapuroteni fiber.
Naizvozvo, dhayi dzakasvibiswa dzinonyanya kushandiswa mukudhayiwa kweselulosi fiber, kunyanya mukudhayiwa kwezvinhu zvakasviba zvemachira edonje, ayo mavara maviri eSulfid dhayi imhando yedhayi ine sarufa ine yakaoma mamorekuru chimiro.Inowanzo gadzirwa kubva kune mamwe anonhuhwirira amines, aminophenols uye mamwe organic komisheni inopisa nesarufa kana sodium polysulfide, kureva, vulcanized.
Dhayi dzeSulfide hadzina kunyungudika mumvura, uye kana dzichidhayiwa dzinoda kunyungudutswa mu sodium sulfide kana alkaline inishuwarenzi poda mhinduro kuti dzideredze kuita leaches, dzozoiswa oxidized kuratidza ruvara mushure mekutora fiber.
Mhedziso yedhayi dzesarufa
Madhayi ane vulcanized akagadzirwa kekutanga selulosi faibha kudhayiwa kubva 1873, uye maitiro ayo ekugadzira ari nyore, anowanzo gadzirwa nemaamine anonhuhwirira kana phenolic makomisheni akasanganiswa nesarufa kana sodium polysulfide uye inopisa.Mutengo wakaderera, uri nyore kushandisa, hapana kudzora kenza, nekukasira kwekugeza nekumhanya kwezuva, dhayi yakakurumbira.Zvisinei, nokuti ikirasi yemvura-isina kunyungudika dhayi, pakudhayi, inoderedzwa kuita soluble lemony sodium munyu mualkali sulfide solution, mushure mekudhaya faibha yevanhu, mushure mekuita oxidation kuti ive insoluble state yakagadziriswa pafiber, saka nzira yekudhaya ndiyo. yakaoma, uye pasi pemamiriro akasimba ealkaline haigone kushandiswa kune makushe, silika uye mamwe mapuroteni fiber.
Naizvozvo, dhayi dzakasvibiswa dzinonyanya kushandiswa mukudhayiwa kweselulosi fiber, kunyanya mukudhayiwa kwezvinhu zvakasviba zvemachira edonje, ayo mavara akati wandei.sarufa nhemauyesulfur blue
sarufa yakasviba yakasviba gd sulfur brown dye
sarufa dzvuku ruvara rutsvuku lgf
sulfur brown 10 yellow brown color
sulfur yellow 2 yellow powder
sulfur bordeaux 3b sulfur red powder
ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa.
Chechipiri, nzira yekudhayira yedhayi resulfide
Iyo sulfide dhayi inoderedzwa uye yakanyungudika kuita dhayi mhinduro, uye dhayi leucochroma inoumbwa inoshambadzirwa necellulose fiber uye inobatwa nemhepo oxidation kuita kuti cellulose fiber iratidze ruvara rwaunoda.Yayo kemikari reaction formula ndeye
DS-SO3Na + Na2S→D-SNa + Na2S2O3
Iyo sulfide dhayi mubereki haina hukama hwefiber, uye chimiro chayo chine sulfur bonds (1 S 1), disulfide bonds (1 s - S) kana polysulfide bonds (1 Sx 1), iyo yakaderedzwa kuita hydrogen sulfide boka (1 SNa) pasi pechiito chesodium sulfide inoderedza maajenti, uye ive leucochromic sodium munyu inonyungudika mumvura.Chikonzero nei maleucochromes aine hukama hwakanaka hwemaselulosi faibha ndechekuti mamorekuru edhayi akakurisa, izvo zvinobva zvaburitsa masimba makuru evan der Waals uye hydrogen bonding forces pakati pemafiber.
Iii.Kurongeka kwemadhayi esarufa
Sulfide dhayi inogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvina:
1, upfu sulfide dhayi
Dhayi chimiro general formula: DSSD, kazhinji inoda kushandisa sodium sulfide kufashaira, yakanyungudika mushure mekushandisa.
2, hydrolytic sulfide dhayi
Dye chimiro general formula: D-SSO3Na, rudzi urwu rwedhayi rwakagadzirwa nesodium sulfite kana sodium bisulfite kurapwa kwechinyakare sulfide dhayi, madhayi ane mapoka anonyungudika nemvura, saka anonyungudika nemvura, asi dhayi haina zvinoderedza, haina hukama. yeFibers, kazhinji inogashira suspension pad dyeing nzira inoshandiswa pajira.
3, liquid sulfide dhayi
Iyo yakajairwa fomula yedhayi chimiro ndeiyi: D-SNa, ine imwe huwandu hwekudzikisa mumiriri, dhayi inofanoderedzwa kuita soluble leptochroma.
Gore ra1936 risati rasvika, dhayi yakasvibiswa yakanga iri muhupfu semhando yekutengeserana kwayo.Kana yashandiswa, dhayi yehupfu yaipiswa pamwe chete kuti ifashaire nemushonga wesoda aqueous solution kuti uinyunguduse.Muna 1936, John Le Clester wekuUnited States akagadzira pre-yakaderedzwa yakanaka, yakanyatsogadzikana sulfide dhayi concentrated solution, uye akawana patent, yava kunzi liquid sulfide dye.
4, zvakatipoteredza-inoshamwaridzana sulfide dhayi
Mukugadzira, inonatswa kuita dhayi leaches, asi iyo sulfur yemukati uye polysulfide yemukati yakadzikira pane iyo yakajairwa madhayi esulfide.Iyo dhayi ine kuchena kwakanyanya, yakagadzikana yekudzikisa dhigirii uye yakanaka permeability.Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo bhinari inoderedza mumiriri weglucose uye inshuwarisi poda inoshandiswa mubhati yedhayi, iyo haigoni kungoderedza sulfide dhayi asiwo inoita basa mukuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Chechina, kudhayiwa kwedhayi dzesulfide
Iyo vulcanization yekudhaya maitiro inogona kukamurwa mumatanho mana anotevera:
1. Kuderedzwa kwedhayi
Zviri nyore kuderedza uye kunyungudutsa sulfide dhayi, uye sodium sulfide inowanzoshandiswa sechinhu chinoderedza, iyo inoshandawo sealkali agent.Kuti udzivise leucophore kubva kune hydrolyzed, zvinhu zvakadai sesoda ash zvinogona kuwedzerwa zvakakodzera, asi kuderedza bhati alkaline haigoni kuva yakasimba, kana zvisina kudaro dhayi yekuderedza chiyero ichanonoka.
2, dhayi mumushonga wedhayi inoshambadzirwa nefiber
Iyo leucophore ye sulfide dhayi iripo mune anion state mune dhayi mhinduro, ine yakananga zvimiro kune cellulose fiber, inogona kushambadzirwa pafiber pamusoro uye kuparadzirwa mukati mefiber mukati.Iyo yakananga midziyo yesarufa dhayi kune cellulose fiber yakadzikira, kazhinji uchishandisa diki yekugezera reshiyo, uchiwedzera akakodzera maelectrolyte, pakupisa kwepamusoro kunogona kuvandudza chiyero chekudhaya, kuenzana uye kupera.
3, oxidation kurapwa
Mushure mekudhaya pafiber, sulfur dhayi leuco inofanirwa kuve neoxidized kuratidza ruvara rwaunoda.Oxidation inhanho yakakosha mushure mekudhayiwa kwedhayi dzine vulcanized.Iyo nyore oxidized vulcanized dhayi inogona oxidized nemhepo mushure mekudhayiwa nekugeza uye kufefetera, ndiko kuti, mhepo oxidation nzira;Kune mamwe madhayi e sulfide asiri nyore kuisa oxidize, oxidizing agents anoshandiswa kukurudzira oxidation.
4. Post-processing
Mushure mekurapa kunosanganisira kuchenesa, kuisa mafuta, anti-embrittlement uye kugadzirisa ruvara.Dhayi dzesarufa dzinofanirwa kugezwa zvizere mushure mekudhayiwa kuderedza sarufa yakasara pamucheka uye kudzivirira brittleness yejira, nekuti sarufa iri mudhayi uye sarufa iri mualkali sulfide zviri nyore kuita oxidize mumhepo kugadzira sulfuric acid, inokonzeresa acid. hydrolysis ye cellulose fiber uye kuderedza simba reiyo fiber brittleness.Nokudaro, inogona kurapwa ne-anti-brittleness loss agents, zvakadai se: urea, trisodium phosphate, bone glue, sodium acetate, etc. Kuti uvandudze solarization uye sipo fastness yedhayi dzakasvibiswa, ruvara runogona kugadziriswa mushure mekucheka.Kune nzira mbiri dzekugadzirisa ruvara rwekurapa: simbi yemunyu kurapwa (yakadai se: potassium dichromate, copper sulfate, copper acetate uye musanganiswa wemunyu uyu) uye cationic color fixing agent kurapwa.
dema uye vulcanized blue ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa.
Chechipiri, nzira yekudhayira yedhayi resulfide
Iyo sulfide dhayi inoderedzwa uye yakanyungudika kuita dhayi mhinduro, uye dhayi leucochroma inoumbwa inoshambadzirwa necellulose fiber uye inobatwa nemhepo oxidation kuita kuti cellulose fiber iratidze ruvara rwaunoda.Yayo kemikari reaction formula ndeye
DS-SO3Na + Na2S→D-SNa + Na2S2O3
Iyo sulfide dhayi mubereki haina hukama hwefiber, uye chimiro chayo chine sulfur bonds (1 S 1), disulfide bonds (1 s - S) kana polysulfide bonds (1 Sx 1), iyo yakaderedzwa kuita hydrogen sulfide boka (1 SNa) pasi pechiito chesodium sulfide inoderedza maajenti, uye ive leucochromic sodium munyu inonyungudika mumvura.Chikonzero nei maleucochromes aine hukama hwakanaka hwemaselulosi faibha ndechekuti mamorekuru edhayi akakurisa, izvo zvinobva zvaburitsa masimba makuru evan der Waals uye hydrogen bonding forces pakati pemafiber.
Iii.Kurongeka kwemadhayi esarufa
Sulfide dhayi inogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvina:
1, upfu sulfide dhayi
Dhayi chimiro general formula: DSSD, kazhinji inoda kushandisa sodium sulfide kufashaira, yakanyungudika mushure mekushandisa.
2, hydrolytic sulfide dhayi
Dye chimiro general formula: D-SSO3Na, rudzi urwu rwedhayi rwakagadzirwa nesodium sulfite kana sodium bisulfite kurapwa kwechinyakare sulfide dhayi, madhayi ane mapoka anonyungudika nemvura, saka anonyungudika nemvura, asi dhayi haina zvinoderedza, haina hukama. yeFibers, inowanzo shandiswa kumiswa pad yekudhaya nzira inoiswa pajira.3, liquid sulfide dhayi
Iyo yakajairwa fomula yedhayi chimiro ndeiyi: D-SNa, ine imwe chiyero chekudzikisa mumiririri, dhayi inofanodzikiswa kuita soluble leptochroma.
Gore ra1936 risati rasvika, dhayi yakasvibiswa yakanga iri muhupfu semhando yekutengeserana kwayo.Kana yashandiswa, dhayi yehupfu yaipiswa pamwe chete kuti ifashaire nemushonga wesoda aqueous solution kuti uinyunguduse.Muna 1936, John Le Clester wekuUnited States akagadzira pre-yakaderedzwa yakanaka, yakanyatsogadzikana sulfide dye concentrated solution, uye akawana patent, yava kunzi liquid sulfide dye.
4, zvakatipoteredza-inoshamwaridzana sulfide dhayi
Mukugadzira, inonatswa kuita dhayi leaches, asi iyo sulfur yemukati uye polysulfide yemukati yakadzikira kupfuura iyo yakajairwa dhayi dzesulfide.Iyo dhayi ine kuchena kwakanyanya, yakagadzikana yekudzikisa dhigirii uye yakanaka permeability.Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo bhinari inoderedza mumiriri weglucose uye inshuwarisi poda inoshandiswa mubhati yedhayi, iyo haigoni kungoderedza sulfide dhayi asiwo inoita basa mukuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Chechina, kudhayiwa kwedhayi dzesulfide
Iyo vulcanization yekudhaya maitiro inogona kukamurwa mumatanho mana anotevera:
1. Kuderedzwa kwedhayi
Zviri nyore kuderedza uye kunyungudutsa sulfide dhayi, uye sodium sulfide inowanzoshandiswa sechinhu chinoderedza, iyo inoshandawo sealkali agent.Kuti udzivise leucophore kubva kune hydrolyzed, zvinhu zvakadai sesoda ash zvinogona kuwedzerwa zvakakodzera, asi kuderedza bhati alkaline haigoni kuva yakasimba, kana zvisina kudaro dhayi yekuderedza chiyero ichanonoka.
2, dhayi mumushonga wedhayi inoshambadzirwa nefiber
Iyo leucophore ye sulfide dhayi iripo mune anion state mune dhayi mhinduro, ine yakananga zvimiro kune cellulose fiber, inogona kushambadzirwa pafiber pamusoro uye kuparadzirwa mukati mefiber mukati.Iyo yakananga midziyo yesarufa dhayi kune cellulose fiber yakadzikira, kazhinji uchishandisa diki yekugezera reshiyo, uchiwedzera akakodzera maelectrolyte, pakupisa kwepamusoro kunogona kuvandudza chiyero chekudhaya, kuenzana uye kupera.
3, oxidation kurapwa
Mushure mekudhaya pafiber, sulfur dhayi leuco inofanirwa kuve neoxidized kuratidza ruvara rwaunoda.Oxidation inhanho yakakosha mushure mekudhayiwa kwedhayi dzine vulcanized.Iyo nyore oxidized vulcanized dhayi inogona oxidized nemhepo mushure mekudhayiwa nekugeza uye kufefetera, ndiko kuti, mhepo oxidation nzira;Kune mamwe madhayi e sulfide asiri nyore kuisa oxidize, oxidizing agents anoshandiswa kukurudzira oxidation.
4. Post-processing
Mushure mekurapa kunosanganisira kuchenesa, kuisa mafuta, anti-embrittlement uye kugadzirisa ruvara.Dhayi dzesarufa dzinofanirwa kugezwa zvizere mushure mekudhayiwa kuderedza sarufa yakasara pamucheka uye kudzivirira brittleness yejira, nekuti sarufa iri mudhayi uye sarufa iri mualkali sulfide zviri nyore kuita oxidize mumhepo kugadzira sulfuric acid, inokonzeresa acid. hydrolysis ye cellulose fiber uye kuderedza simba reiyo fiber brittleness.Nokudaro, inogona kurapwa ne-anti-brittleness loss agents, zvakadai se: urea, trisodium phosphate, bone glue, sodium acetate, etc. Kuti uvandudze solarization uye sipo fastness yedhayi dzakasvibiswa, ruvara runogona kugadziriswa mushure mekucheka.Kune nzira mbiri dzekugadzirisa ruvara rwekurapa: simbi yemunyu kurapwa (yakadai se: potassium dichromate, copper sulfate, copper acetate uye musanganiswa wemunyu uyu) uye cationic color fixing agent kurapwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-19-2023